Scientists warn: The future of sharks is darker than ever

In early May 2026, Colombo, the capital of Sri Lanka, hosted the world's largest conference on sharks and rays – Sharks International 2026.

More than 800 scientists, biologists, and conservationists from around the world presented their latest research. Their conclusion was disturbing: many shark species are nearing a point of no return.

Shark populations have halved

According to data presented at the conference, shark and ray populations have declined by approximately 50% since 1970. More than a third of all known species are now threatened with extinction. Overfishing remains the primary cause, but the destruction of marine ecosystems and inadequate protection in many countries also play a significant role.

It's not just about fins

For many years, attention focused mainly on the trade in shark fins. However, new research shows that the trade in shark and ray meat is an even greater problem.

Scientists pointed out that the value of the global market for the meat of these animals reached approximately $2.6 billion between 2012 and 2019, which is more than the value of the fin trade alone. Moreover, it is often very difficult to ascertain which species were actually caught, as shipments are frequently labelled only generally as "shark" or "ray."

Rays are doing even worse

Although sharks are discussed much more frequently, scientists at the conference highlighted that some groups of rays are actually even more endangered.

According to the data presented, approximately 191 million rays are caught annually, while around 100 million sharks are caught. Some ray species are also caught not only for their meat but also for their skin, used in the production of luxury accessories.

New technologies offer hope

Despite the unfavorable statistics, positive news was also heard at the conference. Scientists are increasingly utilizing satellite transmitters, DNA genetic analysis, underwater cameras, and artificial intelligence to monitor shark populations and detect illegal trade.

Projects focused on reintroducing critically endangered species into the wild also attracted attention. Several organizations have successfully released dozens of individuals raised in human care into the open ocean and are planning further programs in Indonesia, Thailand, and Fiji.

Protection is not enough on paper alone

One of the biggest problems, according to experts, is not a lack of scientific knowledge, but its translation into actual laws and protective measures.

Many marine protected areas do not cover key locations where sharks and rays live or migrate. In some cases, scientists even propose the complete closure of certain fishing areas to allow populations to recover. However, such measures are often very complex both politically and economically.

The future is not yet lost

Although scientists speak of a "grim outlook," they agree that there is still a chance to reverse the situation. However, this requires faster protection of endangered species, more rigorous fishing controls, and greater international cooperation.

Sharks have survived several mass extinctions and have inhabited the oceans for over 400 million years. The question today is not whether they can survive natural disasters. The question is whether they can survive the pace of human activity.

Author: Miri Svobodová
Source: Mongabay, Sharks International 2026